Cancer is one of the most common causes of death globally. Despite extensive research
and considerable advances in cancer therapy, the fundamentals of the disease remain …

Over the past half-century, we have gained significant insights into the molecular biology of
long-term memory storage at the level of the synapse. In recent years, our understanding of …

Abstract The European XFEL (EuXFEL) is a 3.4-km long X-ray source, which produces
femtosecond, ultrabrilliant and spatially coherent X-ray pulses at megahertz (MHz) repetition …

Optogenetics combines genetics and biophotonics to enable noninvasive control of
biological processes with high spatiotemporal precision. When engineered into protein …

Light is unsurpassed in its ability to modulate biological interactions. Since their discovery,
chemists have been fascinated by photosensitive molecules capable of switching between …

The cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) protein has pleiotropic activities in
physiologic processes. Due to its central position downstream of many growth signaling …

Optobiochemical control of protein activities allows the investigation of protein functions in
living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Over the last two decades, numerous natural …

Highlights•Optogenetics uses light to control genetically encoded cell components.•It is a
precise tool for systematically addressing complex biological questions.•It has a potential for …

The internal representation of an experience is thought to be encoded by long-lasting
physical changes to the brain (“engrams”). Previously, we and others showed within the …

Photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is a model photoreceptor. It binds ap-coumaric acid as a
chromophore, thus enabling blue light sensing. The first discovered single-domain PYP from …