Bone defects stand out as one of the greatest challenges of reconstructive surgery. Fused
deposition modelling (FDM) allows for the printing of 3D scaffolds tailored to the morphology …

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory disease that is associated with
collapse of the femoral head, with a risk of hip arthroplasty in younger populations. Thus …

Research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) continues to progress rapidly. Nevertheless,
the field faces several challenges, such as inherent cell heterogeneity and the absence of …

Congenital defects, trauma, and disease can compromise the integrity and functionality of
the skeletal system to the extent requiring implantation of bone grafts. Engineering of viable …

Administration of in vitro expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represents a
promising therapy for regenerative medicine and autoimmunity. Both mouse and human …

One of the applications of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that are produced by ex vivo
expansion is for use in in vivo bone tissue engineering. Cultured stromal cells are a mixture …

Background Caused by the injury to the endometrial basal layer, intrauterine adhesions
(IUA) are characterized by uterine cavity obliteration, leading to impaired fertility. Human …

Background: Neovascularization plays an essential part in bone fracture and defect healing,
constructing tissue engineered bone that targets bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic …

Until recently, data supporting the tissue-resident status of mesenchymal stromal cells
(MSC) has been ambiguous since their discovery in the 1950–60s. These progenitor cells …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be suitable for cell-based tissue
regeneration. Expressions of different cell surface markers confer distinct differentiation …