In addition to their well-known role in the female reproductive system, estrogens can act in
the brain to regulate a wide range of behaviors and physiological functions in both sexes …

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, including luminal-A and-B, is the most
common type of breast cancer. Extended exposure to estrogen is associated with an …

Estrogen receptor (ER) expression is the main indicator of potential responses to endocrine
therapy (ET), and approximately 70% of human breast cancers (BCs) are hormone …

Background The development and progression of estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERα+)
breast cancer has been linked epidemiologically to prolactin. However, activation of the …

Hormone therapy targeting estrogen receptor (ER) is the principal treatment for ER-positive
breast cancers. However, many cancers develop resistance to hormone therapy while …

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies, and despite extensive
molecular and cellular research, the mortality rate remains high. Preclinical testing of new …

Circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs), a rare circulating tumor cell (CTC) type, recently
arose as a useful resource for monitoring and characterizing both cancers and their …

The mammary gland in adult women consists of biologically distinct cell types that differ in
their surface phenotypes. Isolation and molecular characterization of these subpopulations …

The estrogen receptor (ER) regulates the survival and growth of breast cancer cells, but it is
less clear how components of the tissue microenvironment affect ER-mediated responses …

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), introduced in modern toxicology, intend to provide an
evidence-based representation of toxicological effects and facilitate safety assessment of …