The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned
vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and …

Autophagy is a catabolic process for unnecessary or dysfunctional cytoplasmic contents by
lysosomal degradation pathways. Autophagy is implicated in various biological processes …

Glutathione (GSH) protects against oxidative damage in many tissues, including retinal
pigment epithelium (RPE). Oxidative stress-mediated senescence and death of RPE and …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive condition that is untreatable in up
to 90% of patients, is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly worldwide. The two forms of …

Significance: The molecular machinery regulating autophagy has started becoming
elucidated, and a number of studies have undertaken the task to determine the role of …

Aerobes require oxygen for metabolism and normal free radical formation. As a result,
maintaining the redox homeostasis is essential for brain cell survival due to their high …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the gradual buildup of
plaques within the vessel wall of middle-sized and large arteries. The occurrence and …

Oxidative stress, perturbations in the cellular thiol level and redox balance, affects many
cellular functions, including signaling pathways. This, in turn, may cause the induction of …

Abstract Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is the principal cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
in humans and plays a major role in redox potential regulation. It catalyses the …

Waterborne exposure to arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3) is inevitable due to its widespread
industrial and agricultural applications. Oxidative stress and cascaded programmed cell …