Visual area V4 is a midtier cortical area in the ventral visual pathway. It is crucial for visual
object recognition and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there …

Area V4—the focus of this review—is a mid-level processing stage along the ventral visual
pathway of the macaque monkey. V4 is extensively interconnected with other visual cortical …

Our daily visual experiences are inevitably linked to recognizing the rich variety of textures.
However, how the brain encodes and differentiates a plethora of natural textures remains …

As information propagates along the ventral visual hierarchy, neuronal responses become
both more specific for particular image features and more tolerant of image transformations …

Every object in the world has its own surface quality that is a reflection of the material from
which the object is made. We can easily identify and categorize materials (wood, metal …

Naturalistic textures with an intermediate degree of statistical regularity can capture key
structural features of natural images. V2 and later visual areas are sensitive to these …

The distinct visual sensations of shape and texture have been studied separately in cortex;
therefore, it remains unknown whether separate neuronal populations encode each of these …

To determine whether post-natal improvements in form vision result from changes in mid-
level visual cortex, we studied neuronal and behavioral responses to texture stimuli that …

In recent years, a growing body of research has addressed the nature and mechanism of
material perception. Material perception entails perceiving and recognizing a material …

Complex shape and texture representations are known to be constructed from V1 along the
ventral visual pathway through areas V2 and V4, but the underlying mechanism remains …