An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to
the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is …

The glomerulus is a highly specialized microvascular bed that filters blood to form primary
urinary filtrate. It contains four cell types: fenestrated endothelial cells, specialized vascular …

Angiogenesis is regulated by the balance of proangiogenic VEGF 165 and antiangiogenic
VEGF 165 b splice isoforms. Mutations in WT1, the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, suppress …

Sex differences in neurological disease extend from incidence, severity, progression and
symptoms and may ultimately influence treatment. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in …

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of ESRD in high-income countries and a growing
problem across the world. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is thought to be a …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A is generated as two isoform families by
alternative RNA splicing, represented by VEGF-A 165 a and VEGF-A 165 b. These isoforms …

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrations are a critical component of the glomerular
filtration barrier. Their unique nondiaphragmed structure is key to their function in glomerular …

Over a decade and a half has passed since the publication of early reports hinting at a
pathogenetic role for vascular endothelial growth factor (“VEGF”) in the development of …

The mechanical properties of tissues and cells including renal glomeruli are important
determinants of their differentiated state, function, and responses to injury but are not well …

Angiogenesis has been shown to be a potential therapeutic target for early stages of
diabetic nephropathy in a number of animal experiments. Vascular endothelial growth factor …