Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space,
whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) subtype, exosome is an extracellular nano-vesicle that sheds
from cells' surface and originates as intraluminal vesicles during endocytosis. Firstly, it was …

For many years, double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles, released by most cells,
were not considered to be of biological significance. This stance has dramatically changed …

Cytokines are soluble factors that mediate cell–cell communications in multicellular
organisms. Recently, another system of cell–cell communication was discovered, which is …

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subpopulation of T cells that maintain tolerance to self and
limit other immune responses. They achieve this through different mechanisms including the …

Abstract Background Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes an acute respiratory
syndrome accompanied by multi-organ damage that implicates a prothrombotic state …

Exosomes are nanovesicles released from most cell types including immune cells. Prior
studies suggest exosomes play a role in HIV pathogenesis, but little is known about …

Exosomes are membranous nanovesicles of endocytic origin that carry host and pathogen
derived genomic, proteomic, and lipid cargos. Exosomes are secreted by most cell types into …

Both exosomes and soluble factors have been implicated in the generation of an
immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Determining the contribution of each …

Impairment of microglial functions, such as phagocytosis and/or dysregulation of immune
responses, has been implicated as an underlying factor involved in the pathogenesis of …