Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have a crucial role in protein synthesis, and in recent years, their
therapeutic potential for the treatment of genetic diseases—primarily those associated with a …

The integrated stress response (ISR) refers to signaling pathways initiated by stress-
activated eIF2α kinases. Distinct eIF2α kinases respond to different stress signals, including …

Nonstop extension mutations, aka stop-lost or stop-loss mutations, convert a stop codon into
a sense codon resulting in translation into the 3'untranslated region until the next in-frame …

The majority of the DNA sequence in our genome is noncoding and not intended for
synthesizing proteins. Nonetheless, genome-wide mapping of ribosome footprints has …

Neoplastic cells need to adapt their gene expression pattern to survive in an ever-changing
or unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Protein synthesis (or mRNA translation), an …

Premature termination codons (PTCs) cause~ 10–20% of inherited diseases and are a
major mechanism of tumor suppressor gene inactivation in cancer. A general strategy to …

Eukaryotic cells are equipped with an intricate proteostasis network (PN), comprising nearly
3000 components dedicated to preserving proteome integrity and sustaining protein …

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) therapeutics will provide personalized and mutation
specific medicines to treat human genetic diseases for which no cures currently exist. The …

BACKGROUND Mitochondrial diseases belong to the group of inborn errors of metabolism
(IEM), with a prevalence of 1 in 2,000–5,000 individuals. They are the most common form of …

It is known that mRNAs and the machinery that translates them are not uniformly distributed
throughout the cytoplasm. As a result, the expression of some genes is localized to particular …