Immune signalling pathways convert pathogenic stimuli into cytosolic events that lead to the
resolution of infection. Upon ligand engagement, immune receptors together with their …

Immune cells can sense and respond to biophysical cues—from dynamic forces to spatial
features—during their development, activation, differentiation and expansion. These …

Nanosized artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) with efficient signal presentation hold
great promise for in vivo adoptive cell therapy. Here, we used DNA origami nanostructures …

Peptide-MHC (pMHC) multimers have excelled in the detection of antigen-specific T cells
and have allowed phenotypic analysis using other reagents, but their use for detection of …

The immune system distinguishes between self and foreign antigens. The kinetic
proofreading (KPR) model proposes that T cells discriminate self from foreign ligands by the …

T-cells detect with their T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) the presence of rare agonist
peptide/MHC complexes (pMHCs) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). How …

Receptor clustering plays a key role in triggering cellular activation, but the relationship
between the spatial configuration of clusters and the elicitation of downstream intracellular …

During immune responses, activating ligands would trigger dynamic spatiotemporal
organization of immunoreceptors at the cell interface, governing the fate and effector …

Ras dimerization is critical for Raf activation. Here we show that the Ras binding domain of
Raf (Raf-RBD) induces robust Ras dimerization at low surface densities on supported lipid …

T cell activation is a critical event in the adaptive immune response, indispensable for cell-
mediated and humoral immunity as well as for immune regulation. Recent years have …