Errors in probabilistic reasoning have been the focus of much psychology research and are
among the original topics of modern behavioral economics. This chapter reviews theory and …

Motivational and motor deficits are common in patients with depression and other psychiatric
disorders, and are related to symptoms of anhedonia and motor retardation. These deficits in …

This paper considers functional integration in the brain from a computational perspective.
We ask what sort of neuronal message passing is mandated by active inference—and what …

Active inference is an approach to understanding behaviour that rests upon the idea that the
brain uses an internal generative model to predict incoming sensory data. The fit between …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

One of the most salient attributes of information is valence: whether a piece of news is good
or bad. Contrary to classic learning theories, which implicitly assume beliefs are adjusted …

Curiosity drives many of our daily pursuits and interactions; yet, we know surprisingly little
about how it works. Here, we harness an idea implied in many conceptualizations of …

This paper considers goal-directed decision-making in terms of embodied or active
inference. We associate bounded rationality with approximate Bayesian inference that …

When forming and updating beliefs about future life outcomes, people tend to consider good
news and to disregard bad news. This tendency is assumed to support the optimism bias …

Researchers have used terms such as unrealistic optimism and optimistic bias to refer to
concepts that are similar but not synonymous. Drawing from 3 decades of research, we …