Bacteria release membrane vesicles (MVs) that play important roles in various biological
processes. However, the mechanisms of MV formation in Gram-positive bacteria are …

Inflammasomes can prevent systemic dissemination of enteropathogenic bacteria. As
adapted pathogens including Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) have evolved evasion …

Uromodulin is the most abundant protein in human urine, and it forms filaments that
antagonize the adhesion of uropathogens; however, the filament structure and mechanism …

Contractile injection systems mediate bacterial cell-cell interactions by a bacteriophage tail–
like structure. In contrast to extracellular systems, the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is …

The power of cryo-electron tomography (cryoET) lies in its capability to characterize
macromolecules in their cellular context. Structure determination by cryoET, however, is time …

Contractile injection systems (CIS) are bacteriophage tail-like structures that mediate
bacterial cell–cell interactions. While CIS are highly abundant across diverse bacterial …

Multicellular lifestyle requires cell-cell connections. In multicellular cyanobacteria, septal
junctions enable molecular exchange between sister cells and are required for cellular …

Bacteria have evolved macromolecular machineries that secrete effectors and toxins to
survive and thrive in diverse environments. The type VI secretion system (T6 SS) is a …

The swimming larvae of many marine animals identify a location on the sea floor to undergo
metamorphosis based on the presence of specific bacteria. Although this microbe–animal …

The in situ three-dimensional organization of chromatin at the nucleosome and
oligonucleosome levels is unknown. Here we use cryo-electron tomography to determine …