Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein that induces the secretion of
type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines and is triggered by cytosolic DNA of …

Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory and immunologic processes play a
significant role in the development and progression of glomerular diseases. Podocytes, the …

Interferon (IFN) responses, mediated by a myriad of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), are the
most profound innate immune responses against viruses. Cumulatively, these IFN effectors …

The intestinal tract harbors a diverse community of microbes that have co-evolved with the
host immune system. Although many of these microbes execute functions that are critical for …

Mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses
and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. Some strains can be …

The cellular DNA sensor cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic viral DNA via the
stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to initiate innate antiviral response. Herpesviruses are …

IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3 has been identified as the most critical regulator of both RNA
and DNA virus–induced IFN production in mammals. However, ambiguity exists in research …

Innate immunity is not only the first line of host defense against pathogenic infection, but also
the cornerstone of adaptive immune response. Upon pathogenic infection, pattern …

The chicken represents a valuable model for research in the area of immunology, infectious
diseases as well as developmental biology. Although it was the first livestock species to …

The innate immune system, which senses invading pathogens, plays a critical role as the
first line of host defense. After recognition of foreign RNA ligands (eg, RNA viruses), host …