Seismic tomography reveals 2 extensive regions in the lowermost mantle, beneath Africa
and the Pacific, that exhibit lower-than-average seismic wave speeds. These regions have …

The core–mantle boundary (CMB)–the interface between the silicate mantle and liquid iron
alloy outer core–is the most important boundary inside our planet, with processes occurring …

Numerical convection models of the thermochemical evolution of Venus are compared to
present‐day topography and geoid and recent resurfacing history. The models include …

The discovery of extra-solar “super-Earth” planets with sizes up to twice that of Earth has
prompted interest in their possible lithosphere and mantle dynamics and evolution. Simple …

The stability of (Mg, Fe) SiO3 perovskite in the deep lower mantle has long been uncertain.
Recently, a phase transition from perovskite to postperovskite was discovered through a …

With changing pressure and temperature conditions, downwelling and upwelling crustal and
mantle rocks experience several solid–solid phase transitions that affect the mineral …

Three-dimensional thermo-chemical mantle convection simulations with mineral
assemblages self-consistently calculated using free energy minimization are used to check …

We have determined the post-perovskite phase transition boundary in MgSiO3 in a wide
temperature range from 1640 to 4380 K at 119–171 GPa on the basis of synchrotron X-ray …

We investigate the coupled evolution of the atmosphere and mantle on Venus. Here we
focus on mechanisms that deplete or replenish the atmosphere: atmospheric escape to …

Thermochemical plumes form at the base of the lower mantle as a consequence of heat flow
from the outer core and the presence of local chemical doping that decreases the melting …