Indoor vertical farming (IVF) has expanded exponentially over the last couple of years and is
expected to have a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.9% from 2022 to 2029. IVF …

The increasing demand for agricultural products and scarcity of resources, such as soil
fertility, irrigation water, and moderate climate, have driven increased use of indoor vertical …

A seedling plant factory requires precise environmental control to ensure uniform growth
within a limited cultivation period. A porous panel exhaust system was installed to maintain a …

Airflow parameters play a vital role in regulating the microclimate of the plant canopy and
significantly affect plant development and growth in plant factories with artificial light …

In plant factories, multi-layered shelves are used to maximize production per unit area by
densely growing plants. The large number of plants placed in a spacious area leads to …

In this paper, the indoor environment of a small-scale high-density controlled environment
agriculture (CEA-HD) space was simulated using computational fluid dynamics. Spatial …

Airflow plays a crucial role in plant growth because it supplies CO2, O2, and energy to plants
in a plant factory with artificial light (PFAL). Therefore, understanding how various factors …

Cube-Grow was developed by MARDI to promote urban agriculture to the urban population.
The product enables urban people to grow their vegetables with limited space. The initial …

This study validated the CO2 distribution predicted by a computational fluid dynamics model
considering CO2 absorption by photosynthesis in a chamber and greenhouse. The effect of …

It is essential for vertical smart farms that artificially grow crops in an enclosed space to
properly utilize air environment facilities to create an appropriate growth environment …