Research reported during the past decade has shown that global warming is roughly
proportional to the total amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. This makes …

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of
scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

The past 20 years of research using Earth system models (ESMs) is reviewed with an
emphasis on results from the ESM based on MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research …

We present a new version of the Met Office Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit global
surface temperature data set, HadCRUT5. HadCRUT5 presents monthly average near …

Abstract Parties to the Paris Agreement agreed to holding global average temperature
increases “well below 2° C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the …

Many studies have sought to constrain climate projections based on recent observations.
Until recently, these constraints had limited impact, and projected warming ranges were …

Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2022 annual report and is
available from https://doi. org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0090.1. Compiled by NOAA's National …

Humans have significantly altered the energy balance of the Earth's climate system mainly
not only by extracting and burning fossil fuels but also by altering the biosphere and using …