The last few decades have witnessed unprecedented convergence between humans and
machines that closely operate around the human body. Despite these advances, traditional …

Bioelectronic interfacing with the human body including electrical stimulation and recording
of neural activities is the basis of the rapidly growing field of neural science and engineering …

Flexible bioelectronics have promising applications in electronic skin, wearable devices,
biomedical electronics, etc. Hydrogels have unique advantages for bioelectronics due to …

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) nano-materials have provided attraction for many
researchers in the innovation of viable routes for large scale synthesis, doping and …

Hydrogels are three-dimensional porous polymeric networks prepared by physical or
chemical cross-linking of hydrophilic molecules, which can be made into smart materials …

The advantages conferred by the physical, optical and electrochemical properties of
graphene-based nanomaterials have contributed to the current variety of ultrasensitive and …

Biosensors that detect and convert biological reactions to a measurable signal have gained
much attention in recent years. Between 1950 and 2017, more than 150,000 papers have …

Existing at the interface of biology and electronics, living cells have been in use as
biorecognition elements (bioreceptors) in biosensors since the early 1970s. They are an …

The combination treatment is considered an approach to attaining synergistic impact while
minimizing applied dosage. Hydrogels are analogous to the tissue environment attributed to …

Nanomaterials' unique structures at the nanometer level determine their incredible functions,
and based on this, they can be widely used in the field of nanomedicine. However …