Introduction There has been an active discussion on the sustainability of inhaler therapy in
respiratory diseases, and it has cast a shadow on pMDIs which rely on propellant with high …

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of physiologically relevant microengineered
lung-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms for a variety of different biomedical applications with …

BACKGROUND Information about the size, airway location, and longitudinal behavior of
mucus plugs in asthma is needed to understand their role in mechanisms of airflow …

Traditional in vitro and in vivo models for inhalation toxicology studies often fail to replicate
the anatomical and physiological conditions of the human lung. This limitation hinders our …

Pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, etc are known as acute pulmonary
disorders which are leading to the inefficiency of the respiratory system. Owing to the …

Ventilation-induced lung injury is a common problem faced by patients with respiratory
problems who require mechanical ventilation (MV). This injury may lead to a greater chance …

People with CF suffer from the results of deficient CFTR protein activity or complete lack of
CFTR protein (112). Deficiency in CFTR function alters tissue hydration, cellular membrane …

Purpose The endotracheal tube (ETT) constitutes a significant component of total airway
resistance. However, a discrepancy between measured and theoretical values has been …

Spray cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen (LN 2) is a general surgical tool used to ablate
benign or malignant lesions. Adequate egress of the gaseous nitrogen (N 2) generated …

One of the focused problems in airway flow simulation is pulmonary airways modeling.
There are two kinds of Lung models, one is created anatomically based on bronchial data …