Photosystem II is the water-oxidizing and O2-evolving enzyme of photosynthesis. How and
when this remarkable enzyme arose are fundamental questions in the history of life that …

In addition to the essential structural and catalytic functions of zinc, evolution has adopted
synaptic zinc as a neuromodulator. In the brain, synaptic zinc is released primarily from …

Background Reactive derivatives of oxygen (reactive oxygen species; ROS) are essential in
signalling networks of all aerobic life. Redox signalling, based on cascades of oxidation …

Deinococcus radiodurans is known for its remarkable ability to withstand harsh stressful
conditions. The outermost layer of its cell envelope is a proteinaceous coat, the S-layer …

The research on inorganic nanozymes remains very active since the first paper on the
“Intrinsic peroxidase-like properties of ferromagnetic nanoparticles” was published in Nature …

Cyanobacteria can perform both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis, a characteristic
which ensured that these organisms were crucial in the evolution of the early Earth and the …

The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis during the Archean (4–2.5 Ga) required the
presence of complementary reducing pathways to maintain the cellular redox balance …

Plants will form the basis of artificial ecosystems in space exploration and the creation of
bases on other planets. Astrophysical factors, such as ionizing radiation (IR), magnetic fields …

Abstract Purpose of Review Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has demonstrated significant
potential in controlling cyanobacterial blooms, with its efficacy and ecological effects …

In cells, the term “cellular aging” represents a collection of biological changes that can
precede the proliferative senescence states. Cells more resistant to proliferative …