Despite the success of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade by angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) blockers, current …

It is more than 50years since the lysosome was discovered. Since then its hydrolytic
machinery, including proteases and other hydrolases, has been fairly well identified and …

The state of enzymes in the human body determines the normal physiology or pathology, so
all the six classes of enzymes are crucial. Proteases, the hydrolases, can be of several types …

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread
globally, it became evident that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects multiple organs including the …

Platelets exert fundamental roles in thrombosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis,
contributing to different pathologies from cardiovascular diseases to cancer. We previously …

Cystatins are endogenous and reversible inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are important
players in cancer progression. Besides their primary role as regulators of cysteine peptidase …

Kininogens are multidomain glycoproteins found in the blood of most vertebrates. High
molecular weight kininogen demonstrate both carrier and co-factor activity as part of the …

Mast cells (MCs) have relevant participation in inflammatory and vascular hyperpermeability
events, responsible for the action of the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS), that affect patients …

Acute ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are a major cause of mortality and
morbidity. Due to the paucity of therapies, there is a pressing clinical demand for new …

Human plasma kallikrein (PKa) is obtained by activating its precursor, prekallikrein (PK),
historically named the Fletcher factor. Human PKa and tissue kallikreins are serine …