Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and loss of disability
adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. CVDs like Heart Failure (HF) and Atrial Fibrillation (AF) …

Purpose Personalized medicine (PM) is the concept of managing patients based on their
characteristics, including genotypes. In the field of cardiology, advantages of PM could be …

The aim of this work was to review several studies investigating the effects of genetic
polymorphisms on warfarin dosing in regional and Iraqi studies and to report any consistent …

Hypertension is one of the most common and complicated disorders associated with genetic
and environmental risk factors. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is important in the …

Warfarin is the most widely used oral anticoagulant in clinical practice. The cytochrome
P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1), and cytochrome …

Aims This study aims to investigate the influence of MEF2A and SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA
polymorphisms on cardiovascular disease susceptibility and responsiveness to warfarin …

Background High blood pressure, also known as hypertension (HTN), is a complicated
disorder that is controlled by a complex network of physiological processes. Untreated …

Background/objectives To investigate the associations between ophthalmic parameters,
CYP4F2 (rs2108622) and ABCA1 (rs1883025) polymorphisms and coronary artery disease …

Drug metabolizing enzymes play a crucial role in the pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics of therapeutic drugs, influencing their efficacy and safety. This review …

Oral route administration is the most common route and most widely known. However, this
route is not always given beneficial. Some of the problems commonly encountered in this …