Based on the analysis of 190 studies (18,573 participants), we estimate that the average
silent reading rate for adults in English is 238 words per minute (wpm) for non-fiction and …

Reading of alphabetic writing systems, such as English, has been extensively studied and
most theories and models of reading are based on findings from these studies. This practice …

Decades of reading research have led to sophisticated accounts of single-word recognition
and, in parallel, accounts of eye-movement control in text reading. Although these two …

Eye movements are now widely used to investigate cognitive processes during reading,
scene perception, and visual search. In this article, research on the following topics is …

Recent studies of eye movements in reading and other information processing tasks, such
as music reading, typing, visual search, and scene perception, are reviewed. The major …

The present review summarizes research investigating how words are identified
parafoveally (and foveally) in reading. Parafoveal and foveal processing are compared …

Reading is a highly complex skill that is prerequisite to success in many societies in which a
great deal of information is communicated in written form. Since the 1970s, much has been …

The EZ Reader model (Reichle et al. 1998; 1999) provides a theoretical framework for
understanding how word identification, visual processing, attention, and oculomotor control …

Scanning of the visual scene is an important selective process in visual perception. In this
article we argue that eye-movement data provide an excellent on-line indication of the …

The understanding of the control of eye movements has greatly benefited from the analysis
of mathematical models. Currently most comprehensive models include sequential shifts of …