Background & aims Musculoskeletal pain, the most common cause of disability globally, is
most frequently managed in primary care. People with musculoskeletal pain in different body …

Adhesive shoulder capsulitis, or arthrofibrosis, describes a pathological process in which the
body forms excessive scar tissue or adhesions across the glenohumeral joint, leading to …

Importance There are a myriad of available treatment options for patients with frozen
shoulder, which can be overwhelming to the treating health care professional. Objective To …

Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common shoulder disorder characterized by a gradual increase of
pain of spontaneous onset and limitation in range of motion of the glenohumeral joint. The …

Shoulder pain is very common, and it causes substantial morbidity. Standardised
classification systems based upon presumed patho-anatomical origins have proved poorly …

Shoulder stiffness can be caused by various etiologies such as immobilization, trauma, or
surgical interventions. The Upper Extremity Committee of ISAKOS defined the term “frozen …

Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by a painful, gradual loss of both active and passive
glenohumeral motion resulting from progressive fibrosis and ultimate contracture of the …

Background Frozen shoulder is a condition in which movement of the shoulder becomes
restricted. The condition can vary in severity from mild pain and/or less significant restriction …

Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a
hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most …

Background A variety of therapeutic interventions is available for restoring motion and
diminishing pain in patients with frozen shoulder. An overview article concerning the …