MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNAs with the main roles of
regulating mRNA through its degradation and adjusting protein levels. In recent years …

Once thought to be a waste product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now known to form
continuously under aerobic conditions. Shuttling between producer and consumer cells …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring cell-secreted nanoparticles that play
important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. EVs enable intercellular …

Nanocarriers as drug/biomolecule delivery systems have been significantly developed
during recent decades. Given the stability, reasonable delivery efficiency, and safety of …

Herein, we use lessons learned in exercise physiology and metabolism to propose that
augmented lactate production ('lactagenesis'), initiated by gene mutations, is the reason and …

The discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA) over 20 years ago has ushered in a new era in
molecular biology. There are now over 2000 miRNAs that have been discovered in humans …

Tumor cells actively produce, release, and utilize exosomes to promote tumor growth.
Mechanisms through which tumor-derived exosomes subserve the tumor are under intense …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up
by recipient cells. Despite their discovery decades ago, it has only recently become …

It is clear that exosomes (endosome derived vesicles) serve important roles in cellular
communication both locally and distally and that the exosomal process is abnormal in …

Exosomes have been proposed as vehicles for microRNA (miRNA)-based intercellular
communication and a source of miRNA biomarkers in bodily fluids. Although exosome …