Cities of Commerce develops a model of institutional change in European commerce based
on urban rivalry. Cities continuously competed with each other by adapting commercial …

Although the importance of merchant guilds for the commercial development of Europe is
beyond doubt, scholars do not agree about why they emerged, persisted, and ultimately …

Between the 11th and 13th century long-distance trade in Europe expanded rapidly.
Merchants from Venice, Genoa, Barcelona, and various other ports in southern Europe …

The Manor and The Estate—combined in this one-volume edition—bold tales of Polish Jews
in the latter half of the nineteenth century, a time of rapid industrial growth and radical social …

With the expansion of trade in late medieval Eu rope, new institutions for contract
enforcement emerged, most notably courts that specialized in the settlement of commercial …

The importance of mercantile organisations, guilds, nations or regulated companies, for the
commercial development of Europe (and beyond) is beyond doubt. However, there is still …