The discovery of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription
(STAT) pathway arose from investigations of how cells respond to interferons (IFNs) …

Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

Cytokines have pivotal roles in immunity, making them attractive as therapeutics for a variety
of immune-related disorders. However, the widespread clinical use of cytokines has been …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune
responses. Their function and expression in the tumor microenvironment make them …

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway
serves as a paradigm for signal transduction from the extracellular environment to the …

Abstract The interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine plays a crucial role in regulating immune
responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its immunosuppressive effects have been …

The ability to finely control the structure of protein folds is an important prerequisite to
functional protein design. The TIM barrel fold is an important target for these efforts as it is …

Highlights•Cytokines are key regulators of immunity in health and disease.•Biologics that
antagonize or agonize cytokine signaling are used to treat diseases.•A challenge for …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) engineered versions, with biased immunological functions, have
emerged from yeast display and rational design. Here we reshaped the human IL-2 interface …

Due to their capacity for long-term expansion and differentiation potential, embryonic stem
cells (ESC) can be selected as seed cells for generating cultured meat. Leukemia inhibitory …