This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

Aviation alters the composition of the atmosphere globally and can thus drive climate
change and ozone depletion. The last major international assessment of these impacts was …

There is large uncertainty in the radiative forcing induced by aircraft contrails, particularly
after they transform to cirrus. It has recently become possible to simulate contrail evolution …

The Pollution From Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (POLINAT)
projects were undertaken to investigate the impact of aircraft engine exhaust emissions on …

The nucleation and initial growth of ice crystals in cirrus clouds at low (< 235 K)
temperatures prevailing in the upper troposphere and in the tropopause region is …

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and ice nucleation behavior (for temperatures≤−
40° C) of soot aerosols relevant for atmospheric studies were investigated. Soots were …

Ice formation by black carbon particles was studied using a continuous flow thermal diffusion
chamber. Submicron particles were treated to uptake H2SO4 in amounts estimated to range …

Condensation trails (contrails) are aircraft induced cirrus clouds, which may persist and grow
to large cirrus cover in ice-supersaturated air, and may cause a warming of the atmosphere …

The low‐temperature aerosol and cloud chamber AIDA (Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics
in the Atmosphere) of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe was used to investigate the effect of …

The series of SULFUR experiments was performed to determine the aerosol particle and
contrail formation properties of aircraft exhaust plumes for different fuel sulfur contents (FSC …