During pregnancy, several tightly coordinated and regulated processes take place to enable
proper fetal development and gestational success. The formation and development of the …

Although discovered as a placental protein present abundantly in the circulation of pregnant
women, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is widely expressed in multiple …

The metzincin metalloproteinase PAPP-A plays a key role in the regulation of insulin-like
growth factor (IGF) signaling by specific cleavage of inhibitory IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) …

Mutations in multiple genes of the growth hormone/IGF‐I axis have been identified in
syndromes marked by growth failure. However, no pathogenic human mutations have been …

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was first identified in the early 1970s as a
placental protein of unknown function, present at high concentrations in the circulation of …

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) is a metzincin superfamily
metalloproteinase in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. PAPPA increases IGF …

Metalloproteases cleave proteins and peptides, and deregulation of their function leads to
pathology. An understanding of their structure and mechanisms of action is necessary to the …

The pappalysin metalloproteinases, PAPP-A and PAPP-A2, have emerged as highly specific
proteolytic enzymes involved in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling …

Cartilage and the underlying bone are destroyed in severe cases of arthritis preventing
joints from functioning normally. Cartilage and bone collagen can be specifically cleaved by …

The cleavage of peptide bonds by metallopeptidases (MPs) is essential for life. These
ubiquitous enzymes participate in all major physiological processes, and so their …