In this review, typical clinical complications involving periodontal tissues are illustrated that
can be encountered in conjunction with orthodontic therapy (OT). Special considerations are …

Introduction The aims of this study were to survey current retention procedures applied by
Dutch orthodontists and to examine their acquaintance with “unintentionally active …

Introduction Our objectives were to compare the stability of treatment and periodontal health
with fixed vs removable orthodontic retainers over a 4-year period. Methods A 4-year follow …

Background Orthodontic retention aims to maintain optimal teeth positions after active
treatment. The stability is affected by numerous factors, including patients' individual …

Fixed retainers are effective in maintaining the alignment of the anterior teeth more than
90% of the time, but they can produce inadvertent tooth movement that in the most severe …

Orthodontic retention is defined as maintaining teeth in optimal aesthetic and functional
position after treatment. Despite the necessity of retention phase and the factors influencing …

Background There is a shortage of evidence on the best type of retainer. Objectives
Evaluate upper and lower bonded retainers (BRs) versus upper and lower vacuum-formed …

Introduction The purposes of this retrospective study were to describe the types of
unexpected complications associated with mandibular fixed retainers and to assess their …

Highlights•A new CAD/CAM fabricated nickel-titanium retainer is proposed.•The retainer is
custom cut from nickel-titanium sheets and electropolished.•It enables more precise bonding …

Bonding a flexible spiral wire retainer to the lingual surfaces of all 6 anterior mandibular
teeth is a commonly used type of retention. Complications are rare but can be serious …