Infertility is defined as the inability of couples to have a baby after one year of regular
unprotected intercourse, affecting 10 to 15% of couples. According to the latest WHO …

Obesity and male hypogonadism (HG) are often associated, as demonstrated in all cross-
sectional studies. Prospective studies have indicated that i) having HG at baseline increases …

Background Late‐onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a syndrome characterized by clinical and
biochemical evidence of low testosterone levels with advancing age. In recent years, several …

Recent data indicates that kisspeptin, encoded by the KISS1 gene, could play a role in
transducing metabolic information into the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, the …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication in diabetes and
one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. The standard treatments for patients …

Introduction: Injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) is a long-acting testosterone (T)
formulation available for the treatment of male hypogonadism (HG) since 2003. Areas …

There is evidence demonstrating that sexual complaints represent the most specific
symptoms associated with late onset hypogonadism, while central obesity is the most …

Background Functional hypogonadism is a common disorder among patients with obesity
and type 2 diabetes mellitus and could be managed by first treating the underlying causes …

Background Late‐onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a condition defined by low levels of
testosterone (T), occurring in advanced age. LOH is promoted by senescence, which, in turn …

Background. Male hypogonadism is an endocrine disease characterized by low levels of
serum testosterone and is closely related to the development of diabetes. The purpose of the …