Although many insects successfully live in dangerous environments exposed to diverse
communities of microbes, they are often exploited and killed by specialist pathogens …

The innate immune system of insects is divided into humoral and cellular defense
responses. Humoral defenses include antimicrobial peptides, the cascades that regulate …

The field of probiosis has emerged as a new science with applications in farming and
aqaculture as alternatives to antibiotics as well as prophylactics in humans. Probiotics are …

The innate immune system of insects is divided into humoral defenses that include the
production of soluble effector molecules and cellular defenses like phagocytosis and …

Cell-mediated immunity in arthropods: Hematopoiesis, coagulation, melanization and
opsonization - ScienceDirect Skip to main contentSkip to article Elsevier logo Journals & Books …

Parasites do not always harm their hosts because the immune system keeps an infection at
bay. Ironically, the cost of using immune defenses could itself reduce host fitness. This …

Crustacean haemocytes play important roles in the host immune response including
recognition, phagocytosis, melanization, cytotoxicity and cell–cell communication …

Fish tissues and body fluids contain naturally occurring proteins or glycoproteins of non-
immunoglobulin (Ig) nature that react with a diverse array of environmental antigens and …

Survival and growth of Penaeus monodon fed the probiont Bacillus S11 in two 90-day
culture trials were increased compared with non-treated shrimp. Bacillus S11 also efficiently …

Crustaceans have efficient means to defend themselves against most potential pathogens.
Their hemocytes are crucial in these immune reactions and are capable of phagocytosis …