Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Fleas are morphologically unique ectoparasites that are hardly mistaken for any other insect.
Most flea species that feed on humans and their companion animals, including the cat flea …

A significant amount of work has been devoted towards understanding the cellular and
humoral immune responses in arthropod vectors. Although fleas (Siphonaptera) are vectors …

Background Fleas are insect vectors that transmit several Gram-negative bacterial
pathogens acquired by ingesting infected vertebrate blood. To combat foodborne illness …

While immune priming has been identified in many invertebrates, the intricate mechanisms
that drive this process in insects continue to be a subject of mystery. In this study, we …

This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral
infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa mite-borne deformed wing virus …

Abstract Background Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) is a highly damaging agroforestry
pest. Serratia marcescens is a broad-spectrum insecticidal pathogen and is highly lethal to …

Abstract Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are widely distributed, obligately blood-feeding
insects, but they have never been linked to pathogen transmission in humans. Most other …

Dual oxidase (Duox) a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
oxidase (NOX) family can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In …

Fleas (Siphonaptera) are holometabolous insects with larval and adult stages that exhibit
vastly different ecologies from each other. Adult fleas are parasitic and feed exclusively on …