Immunotherapy has emerged as an eminent and effective modality in the treatment of
cancer. However, current cancer immunotherapies lack spatial and temporal control …

Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to
various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease …

Natural killer (NK) cell therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to
various cancers. Their efficacy, however, is limited by their low persistence and anergy …

Adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapies suffer from a number of limitations (eg, poor control
of solid tumors), and while combining ACT with cytokine therapy can enhance effectiveness …

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway
serves as a paradigm for signal transduction from the extracellular environment to the …

Simple Summary The cancer-immunity cycle is characterized by various stimulatory and
inhibitory factors, which together regulate the immune response and halt the extreme …

Macrophages are the most abundant and one of the most critical cells of tumor immunity.
They provide a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through releasing cytokines …

The majority of cancer patients receive radiotherapy during the course of treatment,
delivered with curative intent for local tumor control or as part of a multimodality regimen …

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy releases the inhibition of tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes (TILs) but weakly induces TIL proliferation. Exogenous IL-15 could further …

Cell therapies, such as immune cell and stem cell therapies, are being preclinically and
clinically explored for the treatment of various diseases, but are often limited by low efficacy …