The term “circadian rhythms” describes endogenous oscillations with ca. 24-h period
associated with the earth's daily rotation and light/dark cycle. Such rhythms reflect the …

The conceptual evolution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from being seen as
a simple metabolic cofactor to a pivotal cosubstrate for proteins regulating metabolism and …

Humans, like all mammals, partition their daily behaviour into activity (wakefulness) and rest
(sleep) phases that differ largely in their metabolic requirements. The circadian clock …

Background: The circadian timing system or circadian clock plays a crucial role in many
biological processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone secretion, cardiovascular …

The physiological identity of every cell is maintained by highly specific transcriptional
networks that establish a coherent molecular program that is in tune with nutritional …

Circadian rhythms (CR) are a series of endogenous autonomous oscillators generated by
the molecular circadian clock which acting on coordinating internal time with the external …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Mammals synchronize their circadian activity primarily to the cycles of light and darkness in
the environment. This is achieved by ocular photoreception relaying signals to the …

Warburg's observation that cancer cells exhibit a high rate of glycolysis even in the presence
of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis) sparked debate over the role of glycolysis in normal and …

The mammalian circadian system, which is comprised of multiple cellular clocks located in
the organs and tissues, orchestrates their regulation in a hierarchical manner throughout the …