Background For several decades, intermediate metabolism and signal transduction have
been considered two independent entities. On one side stood the catabolic and anabolic …

Abstract Heat shock protein (HSP) 90, an important component of the molecular chaperone
network, is closely concerned with cellular signaling pathways and stress response by …

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that degrades damaged or superfluous cell
components into basic biomolecules, which are then recycled back into the cytosol. In this …

Autophagy and apoptosis are two important catabolic processes contributing to the
maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. Autophagy controls the turnover of protein …

Different studies corroborate a role for ceramide synthases and their downstream products,
ceramides, in modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the context of cancer. These …

Prostaglandins and thromboxane are lipid signaling molecules deriving from arachidonic
acid by the action of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. The role of …

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases widely known as the principal mediators of the
apoptotic cell death response, but considerably less so as the contributors to the regulation …

Autophagy is a cell survival process which is related to breaking down and reusing
cytoplasm components. Moreover, autophagy regulates cell death under certain conditions …

Autophagy is a widely conserved catabolic process that is necessary for maintaining cellular
homeostasis under normal physiological conditions and driving the cell to switch back to this …

Apoptosis and autophagy are processes resulting from the integration of cellular stress and
death signals. Their individual importance is highlighted by the lethality of various mouse …