Neocortical areas are believed to be organized into vertical modules, the cortical columns,
and the horizontal layers 1–6. In the somatosensory barrel cortex these columns are defined …

In rodents, the medial aspect of the secondary motor cortex (M2) is known by other names,
including medial agranular cortex (AGm), medial precentral cortex (PrCm), and frontal …

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are used to optogenetically depolarize neurons. We engineered
a variant of ChR, denoted red-activatable ChR (ReaChR), that is optimally excited with …

Understanding cortical circuits will require mapping the connections between specific
populations of neurons, as well as determining the dendritic locations where the synapses …

Neural interface technology has made enormous strides in recent years but stimulating
electrodes remain incapable of reliably targeting specific cell types (eg excitatory or …

Rats sweep their vibrissae through space to locate objects in their immediate environment.
In essence, their view of the proximal world is generated through pliable hairs that tap and …

The rodent whisker system is widely used as a model system for investigating sensorimotor
integration, neural mechanisms of complex cognitive tasks, neural development, and …

Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the
impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement …

Rats sweep their facial whiskers back and forth to generate tactile sensory information
through contact with environmental structure. The neural processes operating on the signals …

Using their large mystacial vibrissas, rats perform a variety of tasks, including localization
and identification of objects. We report on the discriminatory thresholds and behavior of rats …