Immunotherapy, with an increasing number of therapeutic dimensions, is becoming an
important mode of treatment for cancer patients. The inhibition of immune checkpoints …

Cancer immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment have been at the forefront of research
over the past decades. Targeting immune checkpoints especially programmed death 1 (PD …

The blockade of immune checkpoints (ICPs), such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated
protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), has propelled …

The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears considerable clinical promise.
Nevertheless, many patients remain unresponsive, acquire resistance, or suffer dose …

Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 form a family of cytokines based on their
sharing the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc), which was originally discovered as the …

Simple Summary Recent years marked the discovery and increased understanding of the
role immune checkpoints play in immunity against cancer. This has revolutionized cancer …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells, which play key roles in elimination of
virally infected and malignant cells. The balance between activating and inhibitory signals …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in
adults. Natural Killer (NK) cells are potent cytotoxic effector cells against tumor cells inducing …

Immunoactinopathies caused by mutations in actin‐related proteins are a growing group of
inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Immunoactinopathies are caused by a dysregulated actin …

Natural killer cells play a major role in innate immunity against tumor and virus-infected
cells. NK cells express activating and inhibitory receptors to regulate their function. It has …