Genetic evidence for anatomically modern humans (AMH) out of Africa before 75 thousand
years ago (ka) and in island southeast Asia (ISEA) before 60 ka (93–61 ka) predates …

Background Gray scale images make the bulk of data in bio-medical image analysis, and
hence, the main focus of many image processing tasks lies in the processing of these …

Enamel thickness continues to be an important morphological character in hominin
systematics and is frequently invoked in dietary reconstructions of Plio-Pleistocene hominin …

As the tissue most directly responsible for breaking down food in the oral cavity, the form and
function of enamel is obviously of evolutionary significance in humans, non-human primates …

Studies of climate variation commonly rely on chemical and isotopic changes recorded in
sequentially produced growth layers, such as in corals, shells, and tree rings, as well as in …

Bornean orangutan mandibular morphology has been functionally linked to the exploitation
of hard and tough foods, based on evidence that Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii spends a …

Nine isolated fossil Pongo teeth from two cave sites in Peninsular Malaysia are reported.
These are the first fossil Pongo specimens recorded in Peninsular Malaysia and represent …

Numerous studies have investigated molar development in extant and fossil hominoids, yet
relatively little is known about orangutans, the only great ape with an extensive fossil record …

A fundamental axiom that underlies evolutionary biomechanics maintains that natural
selection has adapted skeletal and dental morphologies to facilitate function in intelligible …

Scholars have debated the taxonomic identity of isolated primate teeth from the Asian
Pleistocene for over a century, which is complicated by morphological and metric …