Why certain viruses cross the physical barrier of the human placenta but others do not is
incompletely understood. Over the past 20 years, we have gained deeper knowledge of …

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are spread by direct and/or indirect contacts between a
pathogen or parasite and their hosts. Arthropod vectors have evolved as excellent …

The informal settlements of the Global South are the least prepared for the pandemic of
COVID-19 since basic needs such as water, toilets, sewers, drainage, waste collection, and …

Background: Urban slums are at high risk of COVID-19 transmission due to the lack of basic
housing, water, and sanitation facilities. Overcrowded conditions make quarantine measures …

People living in urban slums or informal settlements are among the most vulnerable
communities, highly susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and …

Despite significant progress in Ghana's HIV response, disparities in HIV prevalence persist
among different populations. Gays, bisexuals, and other men who have sex with men …

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy
and health, especially for the most vulnerable social groups. The social determinants of …

Background Gay, bisexual, and cis-gender men who have sex with men (GBMSM) face
severe consequences, especially within stigmatized environments. However, very little is …

Background An unprecedented Zika virus epidemic occurred in the Americas during 2015-
2016. The size of the epidemic in conjunction with newly recognized health risks associated …

Nairobi's urban slums are ill equipped to prevent spread of the novel coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) due to high population density, multigenerational families in poorly ventilated …