Viruses that replicate in the human respiratory mucosa without infecting systemically,
including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, endemic coronaviruses, RSV, and many other" …

Influenza A virions possess two surface glycoproteins—the hemagglutinin (HA) and
neuraminidase (NA)—which exert opposite functions. HA attaches virions to cells by binding …

B cell responses are critical for antiviral immunity. However, a comprehensive picture of
antigen-specific B cell differentiation, clonal proliferation, and dynamics in different organs …

Influenza viruses remain a severe threat to human health, causing up to 650,000 deaths
annually,. Seasonal influenza virus vaccines can prevent infection, but are rendered …

Antibody responses against highly conserved epitopes on the stalk domain of influenza
virus hemagglutinin (HA) confer broad protection; however, such responses are limited. To …

We review the phenomenon of “original antigenic sin”(OAS) in antibody responses to
influenza A virus (IAV) infection or vaccination. OAS refers to the preferential induction of …

The hemagglutinin (HA) surface protein is the primary immune target for most influenza
vaccines. The neuraminidase (NA) surface protein is often a secondary target for vaccine …

A longstanding question is how influenza virus evolves to escape human immunity, which is
polyclonal and can target many distinct epitopes. Here, we map how all amino-acid …

There is an unmet public health need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) to provide
broad and durable protection from influenza virus infections. The identification of broadly …

Antibodies are critical for providing protection against influenza virus infections. However,
protective humoral immunity against influenza viruses is limited by the antigenic drift and …