The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase
that triggers the degradation of multiple substrates during mitosis. Cdc20/Fizzy and …

Egg activation is the final transition that an oocyte goes through to become a
developmentally competent egg. This transition is usually triggered by a calcium-based …

Loss of cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2, also known as Cdk1) activity after cyclin B degradation is
necessary, but not sufficient, for mitotic exit. Proteins phosphorylated by Cdc2 and …

We have previously shown that Greatwall kinase (Gwl) is required for M phase entry and
maintenance in Xenopus egg extracts. Here, we demonstrate that Gwl plays a crucial role in …

Homeostatic maintenance of cellular mitochondria requires a dynamic balance between
fission and fusion, and controlled changes in morphology are important for processes such …

The meiotic functions of Emi2, an inhibitor of the APC/C complex, have been best
characterized in oocytes where it mediates metaphase II arrest as a component of the …

The oocytes of vertebrates are typically arrested at metaphase II (mII) by the cytostatic factor
Emi2 until fertilization. Regulatory mechanisms in Xenopus Emi2 (xEmi2) are understood in …

In many cell types, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) also named extracellular
signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in response to a variety of extracellular growth …

The timing mechanism for mitotic progression is still poorly understood. The spindle
assembly checkpoint (SAC), whose reversal upon chromosome alignment is thought to time …

Vertebrate eggs are arrested at the metaphase stage of meiosis II. Only upon fertilization will
the metaphase-II-arrested eggs exit meiosis II and enter interphase. In 1971, Masui and …