Since glucose reuptake by neurons is mostly independent of insulin, it has been an
intriguing question whether insulin has or not any roles in the brain. Consequently, the …

Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of
glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin triggers the uptake of …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3), consisting of GSK3α and GSK3β subtypes, is
a complex protein kinase that regulates numerous substrates. Research has observed …

Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion
of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood …

The neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects not only brain structures
associate with cognition early in the progression of the disease, but other areas such as the …

Animal models have promoted meaningful contribution to science including Alzheimer's
disease (AD) research. Several animal models for AD have been used, most of them related …

The cannabinoid system has the ability to modulate cellular and molecular mechanisms,
including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, acting as a …

It is well known that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have imbalances in blood
thiamine concentrations and lower activity of thiamine-dependent enzymes. Benfotiamine, a …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative process, also considered a
metabolic condition due to alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways …

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction and brain insulin resistance have been related to
Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Streptozotocin (STZ) is commonly employed to …