Education systems regularly face unexpected school closures, whether due to disease
outbreaks, natural disasters, or other adverse shocks. In low-income countries where …

How did children learn while schools were closed during 2020 due to the COVID-19
pandemic? In low-income countries where internet access is scarce, distance learning is …

Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary
schools in Liberia to eight private operators led to learning gains of 0.18 after one year, but …

After one year, public schools managed by private contractors in Liberia raised student
learning by 60 percent, compared to standard public schools. But costs were high …

This paper presents evidence of large learning losses and partial recovery in Guanajuato,
Mexico, during and after the school closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning …

This paper studies the effects of India's main school-integration policy—a 25 percent quota
in private schools for disadvantaged students, whose fees are reimbursed by the state—on …

We present experimental evidence on the impact of a multi-faceted program that integrates
technology-aided instruction, teacher training and coaching, community ownership, and free …

Can outsourcing improve government services in fragile states? To answer this question, we
present results from a field experiment to study the Partnership Schools for Liberia program …

As developing country education systems shift their focus from enrollment towards learning
outcomes, developing fair and accurate measures of school performance is increasingly …