The developing brain in utero and during the first years of life is highly vulnerable to
environmental influences. Experiences occurring during this period permanently modify …

Research into the causes of psychopathology has largely focused on two broad etiologic
factors: genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. An important role for …

The ancient biological'arms race'between microbial pathogens and humans has shaped
genetic variation in modern populations, and this has important implications for the growing …

Many studies support a crucial role for oxidative & nitrosative stress (O&NS) in the
pathophysiology of unipolar and bipolar depression. These disorders are characterized inter …

Neuroticism is a personality trait of fundamental importance for psychological well-being and
public health. It is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and several …

Major efforts have been directed at family-based association and case–control studies to
identify the involvement of candidate genes in the major disorders of mental health. What …

Excessive glutamate release has been linked to stress and many neurodegenerative
diseases. Evidence indicates abnormalities of glutamatergic neurotransmission or …

CME Harvard Review of Psychiatry offers CME for readers who complete questions about
featured articles. Questions can be accessed from the Harvard Review of Psychiatry website …

Resilience is the ability to cope with critical situations through the use of personal and
socially mediated resources. Since a lack of resilience increases the risk of developing …

Stress is an adaptive response to environment aversive stimuli and a common life
experience of one's daily life. Chronic or excessive stress especially that happened in early …