Pavlovian fear conditioning is a particularly useful behavioral paradigm for exploring the
molecular mechanisms of learning and memory because a well-defined response to a …

The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the
acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from …

▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli
that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal …

Excessive fear and anxiety are hallmarks of a variety of disabling anxiety disorders that
affect millions of people throughout the world. Hence, a greater understanding of the brain …

Over the course of natural history, countless animal species have evolved adaptive
behavioral systems to cope with dangerous situations and promote survival. Emotional …

Memory is often considered to be a process that has several stages, including acquisition,
consolidation and retrieval. Memory can be modified further through reconsolidation and …

Mammalian associative learning is organized into separate anatomically defined functional
systems. We illustrate the organization of two of these systems, Pavlovian fear conditioning …

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is intimately involved in the development of conditional
fear. Converging lines of evidence support a role for this region in the storage of fear …

Fear conditioning is a valuable behavioral paradigm for studying the neural basis of
emotional learning and memory. The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is a crucial site of …

Learning to contend with threats in the environment is essential to survival, but dysregulation
of memories for traumatic events can lead to disabling psychopathology. Recent years have …