The widespread occurrence of repetitive stretches of DNA in genomes of organisms across
the tree of life imposes fundamental challenges for sequencing, genome assembly, and …

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) were discovered in marine fishes that need protection from
freezing. These ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are widespread across biological kingdoms, and …

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are a diverse class of proteins that assist organism survival in the
presence of ice in cold climates. They have different origins in many organisms, including …

Ice-nucleating organisms play important roles in the environment. With their ability to induce
ice formation at temperatures just below the ice melting point, bacteria such as …

Extreme cold marine and freshwater temperatures (below 4° C) induce massive
deterioration to the cell membranes of organisms resulting in the formation of ice crystals …

By natural selection, organisms evolve different solutions to cope with extremely cold
weather. The emergence of an antifreeze protein gene is one of the most momentous …

Biofilms are the dominant bacterial lifestyle. The regulation of the formation and dispersal of
bacterial biofilms has been the subject of study in many organisms. Over the last two …

Sub-zero temperatures put plants at risk of damage associated with the formation of ice
crystals in the apoplast. Some freeze-tolerant plants mitigate this risk by expressing ice …

Bacterial adhesins are modular cell-surface proteins that mediate adherence to other cells,
surfaces, and ligands. The Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas primoryensis uses a 1.5-MDa …

Across the world, many ice active bacteria utilize ice crystal controlling proteins for aid in
freezing tolerance at subzero temperatures. Ice crystal controlling proteins include both …