Herbivores are taxonomically and ecologically diverse, ranging in size from microscopic
zooplankton to the largest of land vertebrates. Aquatic grazers include zooplankton (28 …

Large mammalian herbivores not only depend on plant communities for their existence but
cause major changes in plant community composition and structure. These changes have …

In community ecology, broad-scale spatial replication can accommodate contingencies in
patterns within species groups, but contingencies in processes across species groups …

Ecosystem ecologists traditionally have focused their attention on direct interactions among
species, particularly those interactions that control flows of energy and materials among …

Ecology is characterized by a rapidly growing complexity and diversity of facts, aspects,
examples, and observations. What is badly needed is the development of common patterns …

Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of biomes remains a challenge.
Although tropical biome distribution has traditionally been explained by climate and soil …

Abstract 1 Herbivores, edaphic features and fire are primary factors regulating the balance
between woody and herbaceous vegetation in savannas. Many observational studies have …

The African savanna biome supports a higher diversity of ungulate species than is found in
any other biome or continent. This exceptional faunal diversity and herbivore biomass …

Based on resource availability models of plant defense investment, several authors have
predicted and documented that herbivores tend to accelerate the pace of plant community …

We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by
browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered …