Thyroid hormones (TH) are major modulators of energy metabolism and thermogenesis. It is
generally believed that 3, 5, 3′‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine (T3) is the only active form of TH, and …

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, oxygen consumption,
and the release of energy in the form of heat to maintain the body. Even at rest, these …

Acclimatization to winter conditions is an essential prerequisite for survival of small
passerines of the northern temperate zone. Changes in photoperiod, ambient temperature …

Key points Small mammals native to high altitude must sustain high rates of thermogenesis
to cope with cold. Skeletal muscle is a key site of shivering and non‐shivering …

Mammals exposed to a cold environment initially generate heat by repetitive muscle activity
(shivering). Shivering is successively replaced by the recruitment of uncoupling protein‐1 …

Body temperature regulation involves a homeostatic balance between heat production and
dissipation. Sympathetic agents such as 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA …

Resting oxygen consumption and energy expenditure is sensitive to slight alterations in
thyroid function. This means that timing and magnitude of cold adaptation would to some …

Cold adaptation is a body's protective response to cold stress. Mild chronic intermittent cold
(CIC) exposure has been used to generate animal models for cold adaptation studies …

Adaptive thermogenesis represents one of the important homeostatic mechanisms by which
the body maintains appropriate levels of stored energy and its core temperature …

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is involved in rat and mice thermoregulation, and heat produced
by BAT depends on the concerted action of thyroid hormones and catecholamines. Little is …