Androgens are essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues
and sexual function and for overall health and well being. Testosterone, the predominant …

Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with
physiologic, cognitive, and brain abnormalities similar to those found in people at risk for …

Background Glomerular hyperfiltration is common in early diabetes and is considered a risk
factor for later diabetic nephropathy. We propose that sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 …

Testosterone exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system.
Considering that testosterone induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaced reproductive endocrinopathy affecting 6‐
20% of women of childbearing age. It was previously shown that women with PCOS have an …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the aerobic metabolism. The imbalance
between production of ROS and antioxidant defence in any cell compartment is associated …

The thick ascending limb plays a key role in maintaining water and electrolyte balance. The
importance of this segment in regulating blood pressure is evidenced by the effect of loop …

Although macula densa (MD) cells are chief regulatory cells in the nephron with unique
microanatomical features, they have been difficult to study in full detail due to their …

Females are relatively resistant to salt-sensitive hypertension than males, but the
mechanisms are not completely elucidated. We recently demonstrated a decisive role of …

Abnormalities in renal electrolyte and water excretion may result in inappropriate salt and
water retention, which facilitates the development and maintenance of hypertension, as well …