X-ray diffraction was one of the early methods to be used in solving protein conformation.
The technique can give the atomic coordinates of the protein components and therefore …

The last two decades have seen a great surge of activity in the field of biomembranes [1-3].
Biophysical studies of model and natural membranes have been quite successful in …

Transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to probe the
interlayer structure and phase state of intercalated alkylammonium silicates bymonitoring …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the basic principles, techniques, and
applications of resolution-enhanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Infrared …

Recent research has provided an abundance of new information on membrane
biochemistry. Now more than ever, it is essential to update our current understanding of …

The outermost layer of mammalian skin, the stratum corneum (SC), by virtue of its unique
architecture, presents a significant barrier to the transdermal delivery of drugs. Penetration …

Oleic acid is known to be a penetration enhancer for polar to moderately polar molecules. A
mechanism related to lipid phase separation has been previously proposed by this …

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is useful in investigating the lateral organization of Stratum corneum
(SC) lipids in full-thickness skin. Based on studies of the thermotropic phase transitions in n …

It is generally accepted that the stratum corneum (SC) is the least permeable layer of the
epidermis. Histologically, though, the SC is a non-uniform, inhomogeneous membrane, and …

Fatty acids are effective penetration enhancers for the transdermal delivery of certain co-
applied drugs. In order to assess the mechanism of enhancement, spectrometric …