Ischemic stroke refers to the disorder of blood supply of local brain tissue caused by various
reasons. It has high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Astrocytes are the most abundant …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide
nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis …

Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis accompany most of the pathologies in the brain,
spinal cord, and retina. Reactive gliosis has been described as constitutive, graded, multi …

In the fatal disease—amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—upper (corticospinal) motor
neurons (MNs) and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate …

Immune molecules, including complement proteins C1q and C3, have emerged as critical
mediators of synaptic refinement and plasticity. Complement localizes to synapses and …

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and are
mainly known for their roles in neuropathologies. However, major recent developments have …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of fatality and disability worldwide.
Despite its high prevalence, effective treatment strategies for TBI are limited. Traumatic brain …

Astrocytes maintain the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by eg recycling of
neurotransmitters and providing nutrients to neurons. Astrocytes function also as key …

Proper establishment of synapses is critical for constructing functional circuits. Interactions
between presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins coordinate the formation of …

The establishment of neural circuitry requires vast numbers of synapses to be generated
during a specific window of brain development, but it is not known why the developing …